CyberTechJournal

Python OOP Concepts: Inheritance and Polymorphism Explained In this Python coding challenge, we're diving into two essential concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Inheritance and Polymorphism . These principles allow developers to write clean, efficient, and scalable code by reusing and extending existing logic. Whether you're preparing for interviews, working on a project, or just leveling up your Python skills, understanding these concepts is a game-changer. What is Inheritance in Python? Inheritance is a feature in Python that allows one class (called the child class ) to derive properties and behaviors from another class (called the parent class ). This promotes code reusability , cleaner architecture , and easier maintainability . Key Benefits of Inheritance: Reduces redundancy in code Organizes classes hierarchically Makes extending functionality much easier Basic Inheritance Example class Animal: def __init__(self, name): self.nam...

Mastering Python Modules: Create and Use Custom Modules Like a Pro If you’re on your Python learning journey, today’s Python Coding Challenge dives into a powerful concept every developer must know — Custom Python Modules . Whether you’re building a small script or a large-scale project, using custom modules helps you organize your code , reuse functions , and scale with ease . In this post, we’ll learn what modules are, how to create them, how to use them, and why they’re crucial for writing clean Python code. Quick Fact : The Python standard library itself is a collection of modules. If Python uses it, so should you.   What is a Module in Python? A Python module is simply a .py file containing Python definitions like functions , variables , and classes . You can import this file into other scripts and reuse the logic anywhere you want.   Think of a module as your own personal toolbox that you can carry from one project to another.  Why Use P...

Reverse Engineering Flipkart: How India’s Biggest E-Commerce App Really Works  Introduction: The Amazon of India? In 2007, Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal , both former Amazon employees, launched what would eventually become India's largest e-commerce company — Flipkart . With a humble beginning selling books online, Flipkart now competes with global giants, handling millions of orders every day. But behind the clean UI and quick deliveries lies a complex, modular system built for scale, performance, and security . So, as cybersecurity and reverse engineering students, we ask the question: What’s under Flipkart’s hood?   In this detailed guide, we’ll reverse engineer the Flipkart app and reveal: How Flipkart’s architecture is designed to scale The APIs and communication patterns used Payment, session, and user data flow Security mechanisms and obfuscation What tools you can use to analyze Flipkart yourself   Section 1: Understanding Fli...

Inside Instagram: Reverse Engineering How the World's Top Photo App Works It all started in 2010 with a simple idea: share your moments with the world. Instagram—created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger—has evolved from a basic photo-sharing app to a complex, AI-powered social ecosystem used by over 2 billion people globally. But have you ever wondered how Instagram actually works under the hood? In this blog, we’ll reverse engineer Instagram—from how it stores your photos to how it builds your addictive feed. Whether you’re a cybersecurity enthusiast, an app developer, or just tech-curious, this post will unravel the invisible gears behind your favorite app. And yes, this knowledge can open doors to freelancing, bug bounties, and even job opportunities.  Instagram’s Backend Infrastructure: What’s It Made Of? Instagram runs on a massively distributed system built for scalability. Here's a simplified tech stack: Frontend : React Native (for iOS/Android) B...

YouTube isn’t just the world’s most popular video platform — it’s a technological marvel delivering billions of hours of content daily with lightning speed, adaptive quality, and tough security. Created by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim in February 2005 , what started as a dating site is now the world’s largest video streaming platform . But have you ever wondered how it actually works under the hood? In this blog post, we’re going to reverse engineer the core components of YouTube: how it streams video, protects download links, uses private APIs, and more. Whether you're a developer, reverse engineer, or cybersecurity researcher, this deep dive will uncover the inner workings of YouTube — no need for assumptions, just real technical evidence.  How YouTube Streams Video Using DASH YouTube uses DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP) to deliver videos. Instead of sending one big video file, it sends small segments (typically .m4s ) in various resolut...